The genetic code contains 61 codons to specify the 20 common amino acids. Many organisms carry fewer than 61 different tRNA genes in their genomes. These genomes take advantage of isoaccepting tRNAs and the rules governing third-base wobble to encode fewer than 61 tRNA genes.

Use these rules to calculate the minimal number of tRNA genes required to specify all 20 of the common amino acids.

a.20

b. 26

c. 27

d. 31

e. 35

f. 42

What are the types of mutations, and how does each alter the encoded protein? college level answer

How does a lytic infection differ from a lysogenic infection?

One of the newest applications of cell technology is called cybrid embryos. this process involves replacing the nuclear material of an animal cell with human nuclear material. how might this process affect public policies about research by using stem cells? the same policies and concerns about the use of human embryonic stem cells would most likely apply. the embryos would most likely be treated like traditional animal embryos and regulated accordingly. the process of forming cybrid embryos would most likely be banned by government regulators. the embryos would be treated as regular cells because they are not fully human in origin.