What structural component gives arteries the ability to passively adapt to changes in blood pressures that accompany the heartbeat?

elastic fibers

Explanation:

Elastic fibres are the essential durable component present in mammalian connective tissueand functions to provide proper pulmonary,  cardiovascular and intestinal system structure and function. Their structural function is to provide elastic recoil and resilience for the tissues.

Elastin fibers ahve two main including microfibrils and elastin containing fibrillin play a mechanical and structural role in the arteries, and their important function is to provide the tissues with resilience and elasticity.

Hence, elastic fibers helps arteries to adapt to changes in blood pressures that accompany the heartbeat.