Ecologists have studied the Galapagos islands for a long time because of the diversity of the populations they possess. It is thought that small colonies of finches emerged on each of these small islands, each small population carrying only certain alleles of the parent population. Over time, the emerging populations varied greatly from one another, leading to the development of new species. Which mechanism of speciation best describes this scenario?

Options for the question have not been provided. They are as follows:

migration

founder effect

temporal isolation

behavioral isolation

founder effect

Explanation:

In the given scenario a large population of finches got divided into many smaller populations. Each of these smaller populations inhabited a particular island and adapted according to the conditions of that island. Eventually, they evolved very differently from each other and formed new species. This is a classic case of founder effect where a small group of individuals breaks off from the bigger population and starts a new population in some other area. Since a limited number of individuals start the new population, some alleles can be absent in it which were found in the original population.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.