¿Qué es la ósmosis? ¿Qué efectos osmóticos se producen cuando las células animales o vegetales se enfrentan con soluciones que tienen distinta osmolaridad?

1 (english) -Osmosis is a physiological process where animal and plant organisms balance their aqueous internal environment. Osmosis is a spontaneous process of nature where there is a membrane and two compartments that present a difference in solute or concentration of solute between both compartments, this membrane that we name only allows the transfer of water, with which the water seeks and transfers this membrane from one side to the other, balancing the concentrations of both compartments and reaching equilibrium.

It is essential to clarify that the direction of the water flow will always be in the direction of the area with the highest concentration, that is, it passes from the compartment with the lowest concentration to the one with the highest concentration to dilute it.

In osmosis there is a phenomenon that occurs in this membrane by allowing the passage of water called osmotic pressure.

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1 (spanish) - La osmosis es un procesos fisiologico donde los organismos animales y vegetales equilibran su medio interno acuoso. La osmosis es un proceso espontaneo de la naturaleza donde existe una membrana y dos compartimientos que presentan una diferencia de soluto o concentracion de soluto entre ambos compartimientos, esta membrana que nombramos solo permite el traspaso de agua, con lo cual el agua busca y traspasa esta membrana de un lado a otro equilibrando las concentraciones de ambos compartimientos y llegando al equilibrio.

Es fundamental aclarar que la direccion de corriente de agua siempre va a ser en direccion hacia la zona de mayor concentracion, o sea que pasa del compartimiento de menor concentracion a la de mayor concentracion para realizar la dilucion de esta.

En la osmosis hay un fenomeno que se produce en esta membrana al permitir el pasaje de agua que se llama presion osmotica.

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2- (english)living organisms can face media with the same osmolarity (isosmolar) as their internal environment (in this way there is no water flow), or a hyposmolar medium (there is water flow into the living organism and in these cases the animal or vegetable usually accumulate liquid or edematize), and in hyperosmolar media (where the living organism dehydrates and loses liquid by donating water to the surrounding environment).

2-(spanish)los organismos vivos pueden enfrentarse frente a medios con la misma osmolaridad (isosmolar)que su medio interno ( de esta manera no hay flujo de agua),   o a un medio hiposmolar (hay flujo de agua hacia el interior del organismo vivo y en estos casos el animal o el vegetal suele acumular liquido o edematizarse),  y en un medios hiperosmolares (donde el organismo vivo se deshidrata y pierde liquido donandole agua al medio que lo rodea).

Explanation:

examples:

In the cases of hyperosmolar media and living organisms that dehydrate, a good example is when salt is thrown at slugs so that they go into osmotic shock and die, they donate all their internal liquid to the external environment to balance the medium.

In those cases where the medium is hyposmolar is when people become overhydrated and usually have swelling in the lower limb.

and lastly, in those isosmolar environments it is in animals that live in very salty waters to be able to subsist and maintain life, in this way their internal concentration is high and the same as the salty external environment generating balance, since if they would live in water sweet they will die for an explosion.

he forelimbs below belong to four species that descended in a direct line from the ancestral mammal shown above. of the four descendants shown, which species most likely appeared earliest in evolutionary history?