Starch is a polymer of glucose molecules in plants with a role analogous to that of glycogen in animals. Starch synthesis requires ADP‑glucose generated by ADP‑glucose pyrophosphorylase. The biochemical mechanism of ADP‑glucose pyrophosphorylase catalysis is similar to that of UDP‑glucose pyrophosphorylase. What is the driving force for the ADP‑glucose pyrophosphorylase reaction?

a. production of ADP‑glucose
b. hydrolysis of ADP‑glucose
c. production of pyrophosphate
d. hydrolysis of pyrophosphate