3. Explain: Each rod-shaped structure is a chromosome. Real chromosomes contain hundreds or even thousands of genes. The simplified chromosomes shown in this Gizmo only contain genes that determine the insects’ colors. How are the chromosomes of the offspring related to the chromosomes of the parents?

Chromosomes of the offspring related to the chromosomes of the parents because it is transfer from parents to the offspring through the process of reproduction.

Explanation:

Chromosomes contains genetic materials which is responsible for the carring of genetic information from the parents to their offspring. Due to this transfer of genes, most of the characteristics in the offspring are resembles to the parents or sometimes the offspring is identical to their parents. In human beings there are 46 number of chromosomes, 23 comes from father while 23 comes from mother.

The chromosomes of an offspring are related to the chromosomes of the parents, because the chromosomes of the offspring are formed by the combination of genes from their parents' chromosomes.

Explanation:

As we know, reproduction happens with the union of the gametes of two individuals. The gamete of each individual contains half of the genes contained in its chromosomes. When these gametes unite, they give rise to a zygote that will give rise to the offspring.

The genes of the parents of the offspring, therefore, are present in the chromosomes of the offspring, where each individual of the offspring has chromosomes formed by half of the genes of each of their parents.

Thus, we can say that the chromosomes of the offspring are related to the chromosomes of the parents, because the genes of the parents' chromosomes are used to form the chromosomes of the offspring.

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the sphincter muscles at the end of the digestive tract is the anus.