Before the Industrial Revolution (top picture), the bark of the trees was
light-colored. After the Industrial Revolution (bottom picture) the bark of
the trees was covered in soot and became dark-colored. The dark-colored
moths were then better suited for this new environment. This is an example
of *

This is an example of evolution through natural selection. The peppered moths started off with a light color scheme when the industrial revolution started, and they had this to blend into the trees. The better the moths could blend in, the less likely they were to be preyed upon. Once the trees changed colors, the light moths were vulnerable. The months that thrived in this change were the darkly colored moths. These moths then bred and spread their dark color pattern to best fit into the new environment.

Answer : romans built laws to manage the pollution which was lead by smoke produced by the factories.

they had the law tat factories that produces smoke cannot be built near residential buildings.

building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.