What’s gene frequency in biology?

Which part of cellular respiration must occur before any of the other steps can occur

How are mutations continually being generated in a population (what are some of the causes of mutatuions? ) explain

Waianapanapa beach in hawaii is a black-sand beach that was formed by waves crashing against volcanic rock. the sand can be very hot on sunny days. which statement best explains why? o a. the black sand has no heat capacity. b. the black sand absorbs no radiation. o c. the black sand is immune to insolation. d. the black sand has a low albedo.