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A substitution in one of the amino acids changed the ApoA-1 protein and increased its effectiveness against the heart disease.

Explanation:

Mutation is generally any change in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material (DNA). Mutation is of different types depending on its effect on the resulting protein. According to the question, a point mutation that occurs to the amino acid sequence of the ApoA-1 protein. It is called point mutation because it involves a single amino acid.

A point mutation can either occur through substitution, deletion or insertion. If one of the amino acids gets deleted in the sequence or another amino acid is added/inserted to the sequence, it will change the reading frame of the amino acid sequence, hence, leading to the production of a different protein that is not ApoA-1 protein. Ultimately, the function of removing Cholesterol from the blood will not be achieved. The silent mutation will not alter the amino acid sequence, hence, produce the same ApoA-1 protein.

However, a substitution mutation affecting one of the amino acids in the sequence, may result in the production of a protein with an enhanced function i.e. in the case of ApoA-1 protein, a substitution mutation can increase Its effectiveness against heart disease.

the correct answer is - d. china has a large and growing population.

the fact that china has a large (the biggest) population, and it is still growing, doesn't hinder the agriculture production in the country. in fact, it can for increased production in the agriculture, since there's more labor force, as well the sheer mass of people produces lots of scientists that come up with new inventions as to how to improve this sector. nice example is the inner mongolia region in china, in general dominated by the gobi desert, but few scientist came up with a nice idea as to how to make the region productive by using plants that are very resistant to droughts, so lots of people have been employed, and the region is becoming greener and greener each year, and the production of food in this region is also increasing.