How does atp and nadph connect light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
a.) atp and nadph are produced in both reactions
b.) atp and nadph are used in both reactions
c.) atp and nadph are produced in the light-dependent reaction and used in the light-independent reaction
d.) atp and nadph are produced in the light-independent reaction and used in the light-dependent reaction

The correct answer would be C.) ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reaction and used in the light-independent reaction.

The process of photosynthesis can be divided into two phases- light-dependent reaction and light-independent reaction (also called dark reaction and bio-synthetic phase).

Light-dependent reaction takes place in the thyllakoid membrane which results in the formation of NADPH and ATP with help of water and sunlight.

During this phase photolysis of water takes place which releases free electrons, protons and oxygen (byproduct). The electrons travels through electron transport chain and is finally used in reducing the NADP to NADPH. It also helps in creating the proton gradient across the thyllakoid membrane which is used in the production of ATP.

Light-independent reaction/ dark reaction/ bio-synthetic phase / Calvin cycle takes place in stroma of the chloroplast. It uses the energy of NADPH and ATP to fix carbon (obtained from carbon dioxide) into food or glucose. It is catalyzed by an enzyme RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and requires 6 CO₂, 9 ATP and 6 NADPH in order to fix 1 molecule of glucose.

The ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reaction are used in the light-independent reaction. In the thylakoid membrane, the light-dependent reaction leads to the formation of NADPH and ATP in the presence of water and sunlight.

Further Explanation:

The NADPH and ATP molecules are synthesised in the light-dependent reactions which are required for the next step called light-independent reaction. Photosynthesis require two steps to complete its cycle such as light dependent and light independent.

Light-dependent reaction: This process occurs in the thylakoid membrane that results in the formation of NADPH and ATP in the presence of water and sunlight. The process of photolysis of water takes place in this stage in order to release free electrons, protons and oxygen.

The electrons produced by light-dependent reaction are obtained by ETC and is used for the reduction of NADP to NADPH. It also helps in the formation of proton gradient across thylakoid membrane that is used for the production of ATP.

Light independent reaction: This process is also called dark reaction or Calvin cycle that takes place in the stroma of chloroplast. This process utilizes energy obtained from NADPH and ATP in order to place carbon into glucose.  

The complete procedure occurs in the presence of RuBisCo and also requires 6CO2, 9ATP and 6 NADPH to fix one molecule of glucose.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about cellular respiration

2. Learn more about protein by cell organelle

3. Learn more about cell cycle

Answer Details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Photosynthesis

Keywords:

Glucose, NADPH, ATP, light dependent, light independent reaction, photosynthesis, thylakoid, stroma.

c. is the correct answer

instead of copying and pasting things off of tests or work done on computer which im sure you did, try and read over the question carefully