In one to three paragraphs, list and discuss all the biotic factors you noted in your study. Include animals, plants, and other organisms. Be clear, thorough, and scientifically accurate. It's about California

human-caused climate hope this

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high