G locate and identify the functional groups in (a) propylene glycol, one of the major ingredients used in electronic cigarettes; (b) glutaric acid, produced in the body during the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan; (c) lactic acid, from sour milk; and (d) phenylalanine, an amino acid found in proteins.

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? a) a population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population.b) the separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs.c) the isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population.d) different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations.e) gene flow between the two populations is extensive.