52. How does the immune system differentiate a pathogen from body cells?

A. Pathogens have especially weak cell membranes that the immune system can break.
B. Pathogens and body cells have different surface proteins, or antigens, that the immune system recognizes.
C. Body cells release a variety of chemicals that deactivate the immune system.
D. Pathogens are significantly smaller and reproduce more rapidly than body cells.

Considering the yellow and green pea color phenotypes studied by gregor mendel: a. what is the biochemical function of the protein that is specified by the gene responsible for the pea color phenotype? (1 point) b. a null allele of a gene is an allele that does not specify (or encode) any of the biochemical function that the gene normally provides (in other words, either no protein at all or only non-functional protein is produced from it). of the two alleles, y and y, which is more likely to be a null allele? (1 point) c. in terms of the underlying biochemistry, why is the y allele dominant to the y allele? (2 points) d. why are peas that are yy homozygotes green? (1 point) e. the amount of protein produced from a gene is roughly proportional to the number of functional copies of the gene carried by a cell or individual. what do the phenotypes of yy homozygotes, yy heterozygotes, and yy homozygotes tell us about the amount of sgr enzyme needed to produce a yellow color? explain your reasoning. (2 points)

The hematodinium parasite becomes less of a problem for the blue crab when the crab is very young. fishing is thriving in the region. the crab moves to less salty water. a significant percentage of the population is impacted.

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