Some prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria produce
through photosynthesis.

what have scientists found to be the most efficient and effective way to insert new sequences into an individual? a-scientists have created genetically altered foods that release dna during digestion. b-scientists use viruses to insert specific gene sequences. c-scientists irradiate genes so that they can be absorbed through the skin.

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.