In cattle, the allele for red coat color (R) shows incomplete dominance over the allele for white (R’) coat color. The hybrid (RR’) is roan coat color, which is a mixture of red and white hairs. In a population of cattle, 32 percent of the population is roan color. What are the frequencies of the allele for red coat color (R) and white coat color (R’)? Assume that the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium apply to the population.
A) R = 0.65; R’ = 0.35
B) R = 0.50; R’ = 0.50
C) R = 0.80; R’ = 0.20
D) R = 0.75; R’ = 0.25

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

There are specialized producers that live in warm water vents deep in the ocean. these producers do not per-form from photosynthesis, but instead perform a similar process with iron and other chemicals. why do you think these producers use this process instead of photosynthesis?

Ineed some everybody. the production of cells during mitosis into specialized function is called: recombination or differentiation