The parts that are either directly or indirectly related to each other in a system are known as what?

this is  system approach,

Explanation:

This is an old concept first proposed  by  Ludwig Von, for better understanding of complexity of a complex unit,.

This approach places individual elements in their environment, and study  them through observation of the relationship they share with one another. It  underlying principle in any organisation  is that workers' well being is related to the product outputs.Thus an improvements in the system, has a postie effects  on the outputs and and satisfaction of the workers.

you are certainly talking about this picture:

a: is the label of the white square, it is showing the  replication fork, formed by helicase (d) ==> so it is the site of dna separation and replication 

b: is a new dna brand that is following directly the replication fork, so it is continuous ==> built continuously from 5' to 3

c: dna polymerase cannot replicate dna on its own, it needs the of their proteins, and one of them plays the role of a clamp which fixes  the dna with the dna template and increases  the processivity of the enzyme. ==>   stops polymerase from falling off the  template.

d: is the enzyme responsible for forming the replication fork (helicase) ==> unwinds and separates dna into two strands

e: is the delayed strand, it is built  in the opposite sense of the helicase, so dna will be built in fragments ==> built  fragments from 5' to 3 joins

and finally f: is the enzyme that builds  the new dna strand (dna polymerase) ==>   adds nucleotides to make a new dna helix.

credit: gradman555p98x9p

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the "dirty dozen" chemicals banned in an international treaty are formally known as persistent organic pollutants, or pops. the united nations environment program provided this background on what they are and what they can do to humans and wildlife.

i hope this