1. Describe the biological adaptations that the Siberian Chukchi experienced to survive the cold. (Bergman’s and Allen’s rules) 2. List and briefly explain each of the various cultural adaptations that have enabled the Chukchi to live in such a cold region.

3. Why has the coastal route through south Asia been impossible to trace through archeological evidence?

there are mainly three domains in biological classification namely; archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.

archaea includes all the prokaryotic cells which are characterized by their lipid membranes. they have branched hydrocarbon which is attached to glycerol through an ether linkage.

bacteria includes all the prokaryotic cells, the cell membrane of which are made up of the unbranched fatty acid chain. in addition, they are attached to glycerol through an ester bond.

eukarya includes all the eukaryotic cells, that is, the cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound cell organelles.

they can be autotrophic as well as heterotrophic, unicellular as well as multicellular

they include kingdoms like protista, plantae, animalia, fungi et cetera.

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