cell-the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
microscope-an instrument that makes small objects larger
cell theory-a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and all living things
organelle-a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
cell wall-a rigid layer of nonliving material that surounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
cell membrane-a cell structure that controls which materials go into or out of the cell
nucleus-a cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instruction's that direct all the cell's activities
cytoplasm-the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane
mitochondriarod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy that the cell can use to carry out its functions
endoplasmic reticulum-a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which the proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another
ribosome-a small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of the cell where proteins are made
Golgi body-a structure in the cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from teh endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of teh cell
chloroplast-a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food
vacuolea sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area
lysosome-a small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones
element-any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
compound-two or more elements that are chemically combined
carbohydrate-energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
protein-large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
amino acid-a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins
enzyme-a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things
lipid-energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
nucleic acid-very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life
DNA-the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
RNA-a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
selectively permeable-a property of a cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot
diffusion-the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
osmosis-the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
passive transport-the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
active transport-the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy
