In each of the scenarios, an individual heterozygous for the indicated gene or genes is crossed with an identical heterozygous individual. Predict the number of different phenotypes that would be observed among the progeny of such a cross. Scenario 1: R is completely dominant to r.
Scenario 2: R is incompletely dominant to r.
Scenario 3: R and s are completely dominant to rand s, respectively: R and S are linked by 10 m. u. and don't interact with each other.
Scenario 4: Genes R and S perform the same finction: R and S are completely dominant to r and s, respectivley' and R and S are unliked.
Scenario 5: R and S are completely dominant to r and s, respectively; R and S are unlinked show dominant epistasis.

relative dating involves things like higher layers are most recent than rocks lower in the sequence. this can be extended to the known sequence of fossils. rocks containing rabbit fossils are later than those containing dinosaur fossils.  

absolute dating methods mainly use radioactive elements that have known rates of decay and produce recognizable products. for example potassium 40 decays to produce argon. once a rock has solidified the argon is trapped. by measuring the argon and potassium0 you can get an accurate number for the age.  

some other methods are good for archaeological ages. dendrochronology involves recognizing the sequence of tree rings. the orientation of magnetized particles in baked clay can be used to date a fire.

hope this .. .