Match the changed nucleotide sequences to the CATTCACACA
CATTCACACCACG
CATTTCACACG
CATTCACG
CATTGCACAC
Type of Mutation
Original Nucleotide
Sequence
Changed Nucleotide
Sequence
deletion
CATTCACACG
insertion
CATTCACACG
inversion
CATTCACACG
duplication
CATTCACACG
substitution
CATTCACACG

Deletion- CATTCACACG

Insertion-CATTCACACG

Inversión- CATTCACACG

Duplication-CATTCACACG

Subsitution-CATTCACACG

1.CATTCACACA Substitution

2.CATTCACACCACG Duplication

3.CATTTCACACG Insertion

5.CATTGCACAC Inversion

Explanation:

1. CATTCACACA  is matched with Subsitution

Substitution is a form of mutation. In this mutation, the anomaly is provoked  by replacing one nucleotide with another or, in our example, one letter with another. these mutaitons can be missense mutations, nonsense mutations or silent mutations ...

2. CATTCACACCACG  is matched with Duplication

In genetics, gene duplication is the multiplication of genetic material on a chromosome. There are more than one mechanism of duplication (of either a large chromosomal portion, a gene, or a nucleotide sequence). These genome rearrangements are an important driver in the evolution of genomes. Doubling a gene creates an extra copy of the selection pressure, which may allow the copy to moult again without damaging the body. It is one of the important mechanisms of molecular evolution.

3. CATTTCACACG  is matched with Insertion.

Insertion is a mutation which consist of adding  one or more nucleotides in a chromosome.

The insertions are of variable importance according to their length:

* 1 or 2 nucleotides, they shift the reading frame (codons)

* of 3 nucleotides, they result in the addition of an amino acid in the expressed protein

* of great length, they can modify completely the translation of the exons

in introns or in untranslated exons, one often encounters long insertions of variable structure that have no apparent effect on gene expression.

4.                            is matched with Deletion.

Deletion (symbol: Δ) is a genetic mutation characterized by the loss of genetic material on a chromosome. The size of the deletions varies (from a base pair to an entire chromosomal region) and deletions can occur anywhere on the chromosome.

5. CATTGCACAC is matched with Inversion.

The inversion is a double break then re-insertion after rotation of 180 ° of a chromosome segment.

The inversions concern only one chromosome.  We distinguish :

* Paracentric inversions:

The centromere is not included in the inversion.

* Pericentric inversions:

The centromere is included in the inversion which transforms a metacentric chromosome into an acrocentric chromosome.

Source:

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