Most proteins in present-day mitochondria are made by cytoplasmic ribosomes from mRNA transcribed from nuclear genes. Can this fact be reconciled with the hypothesis described in the passage

The options are not given, here are the options.

A.Yes; the transfer of genes from symbionts to the eukaryotic nucleus could have occurred during the last billion years of evolution.

B. Yes; this difference from bacteria is unimportant, because the many similarities between bacteria and mitochondria provide sufficient evidence in favor of the hypothesis.

C. No; the fact that mitochondrial proteins are made in the cytoplasm is convincing evidence that mitochondria do not have a bacterial origin.

D. No; because bacteria can make all their own proteins and mitochondria cannot, this disproves the hypothesis.

The correct option is B.

Yes; this difference from bacteria is unimportant, because the many similarities between bacteria and mitochondria provide sufficient evidence in favor of the hypothesis

Explanation:

From the passage, the protein synthesis abilities of bacteria and Mitochondria was spelt out.

Bacteria are unicellular organisms and they are prokaryotic. Bacteria do not have membrane bound organelles like Mitochondria as compared to Eukaryotic organisms.

Mitochondrial and bacteria have certain similarities which include, mitochondria have cell membranes like bacteria and they have circular genome like bacteria.

The similarities shows that most most proteins in mitochondria are made by cytoplasmic ribosomes from mRNA transcribed from nuclear genes.

answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c