Actinobacteria sp. Are fermenting organisms, which do not require oxygen to survive. These organisms break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material. Which part of the carbon cycle does this describe? photosynthesis

the electromagnetic energy from the sun arrives in the form of visible and invisible light.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high