Explain TWO strategic ways employed by microbes of extreme environments that enable them withstand harsh environmental and physical conditions

Explanation:

Some microbes are thermophiles and they can survive in area with high temperature between 45 -80°C, they are chemoautotroph in nature, oxidizing sulphur to products acids such as sulfur in the environment. This acid also help them to better adapt to the environment as many thermophiles likes acidic environment.

Thermophiles body has saturated and straight chain fatty acid that helps prevent denaturation which enables them grow and thrive in harsh weather condition by providing the fluidity that is needed in membrane function.

Thermophiles are also small in sizes this ensure there stability.

solvent

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1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation: