What do proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates all have in common

Explanation:

First of all, it is pretty easy to see that proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids all have some common elements that are combined in different ways. The common elemental ingredients are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

"a.) well–developed vascular system."

the offspring would all be white. if the parents are both white flowers then they have the genotype rr, which when crossed results in an all white punnet square.