1. D Value is determined as a A. Removing of microorganisms by washing
B. Concentration of disinfectant required to reduce microbial population 10 times
C. Time required to kill 10% of microbial population
D. Time frame in which microbial population of 5,600,000 cells would decrease to 560,000 cells
E. None of the above

2. The betadine or alcohol swab before blood donation is an example of A. Pasteurization
B. Disinfection
C. Sterilization
D. Preservation
E. None of the above