A strain of Escherichia coli has been genetically engineered to produce human protein. A batch culture is started by inoculating 12 g of cells into a 100-litre bubble column fermenter containing 10 g 1^- 1 glucose. The culture does not exhibit a lag phase. The maximum specific growth rate of the cells is 0.9 h^-1; the biomass yield from glucose is 0.575 g g^-11. Estimate the time required to reach stationary phase. 2. What will be the final cell density if the fermentation is stopped after only 70% of the substrate is consumed

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

the answer is cell division : )