Counting tree rings is an example of which type of dating?

Would really appreciate it, i have an idea but not completely sure

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants? a) sporopollenin b) lignin present in cell walls c) pollen d) use of air currents as a dispersal agent e) megaphylls

Actinobacteria sp. are fermenting organisms (which do you use oxygen to breathe) referred to as chemoorganohetereotrophs this means they break down organic material and convert it to inorganic material. which part of the carbon cycle does this describe