The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) led to its use in biotechnology and medicine. All of the following are examples of how RNAi could be used in biotechnology or medicine, EXCEPT . a. to treat a disease characterized by a gene that is not expressed.
b. to study loss-of-function phenotypes of specific genes in a model research organism.
c. to treat a disease characterized by the buildup of a specific protein.
d. to treat a disease characterized by the overexpression of a nonmutated gene.
e. to treat a disease characterized by the normal expression of a mutated gene

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

One function of the immune system is to attack the foreign cells to protect the body. in organ translate , the body recongnizes that the new organ is made of foreign cells. wha kind of medicine would you give a patient to increase the chances of transplate success

9. the history of life on earth is recorded in