Which is an innovation of gymnosperms? Gymnosperms are the first seed plants. Gymnosperms are the first flowering plants. Gymnosperms are the first vascular plants. Gymnosperms are the first spore-bearing plants.

substitution is the answer in this case

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg 

lesson summarykaryotypes a genome is the full set of all the genetic information that an organism carries in its dna. chromosomes arebundles of dna and protein found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

i believe your answer would be c.. : )