In a step-by-step manner, explain how the voltage-regulated channels produce an Action Potential?

The following are the steps illustrating the production of an action potential via the voltage-regulated channels:  

1. First, the hypo-polarization of the stimulus takes place.  

2. The opening of sodium cation gates takes place, resulting in the diffusion of sodium ions within the cell.  

3. The threshold is attained at -55 mV, positive feedback takes place, that is, more opening of Na+ gates takes place, and thus, more diffusion of Na+ ions takes place within the cell resulting in depolarization.  

4. The closing of Na+ ions gates occurs and the opening of K+ ions takes place.  

5. Repolarization occurs resulting in hyperpolarization.  

6. With the closing of K+ gates, the returning of resting membrane potential takes place.  

the overall balanced equation

6co2 + 6h2o > c6h12o6 + 6o2

sunlight energy

where: co2 = carbon dioxide

h2o = water

light energy is required

c6h12o6 = glucose

o2 = oxygen