The amount of matter something has is

mass

Explanation:

mass is the amount of matter an object is made up off.

The amount of matter a substance have is known as Mass. Mass is a fixed everywhere in the universe. Sometimes we get confused between Mass and weight, but we should remember that Weight is the force with which a body is attracted towards earth. And above is the definition of mass. It is measured by common balance.

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allowed for the prediction of the properties of missing elements.

not only is it colder, it also becomes darker, less salty, and more dense.