One way in which elements differ from each other is the structure of the electron cloud in each element’s atoms. In an electron cloud, an electron that is farther away from the nucleus has a greater charge than an electron near the nucleus.
a smaller charge than an electron near the nucleus
a higher energy than an electron near the nucleus.
a lower energy than an electron near the nucleus.

1. variations in a population of moths allow for some of its members to be able to adapt to environmental changes. the better adapted of the moths will be able to survive the change and thus prevail as the “fittest” of the species. (a) describe three mechanisms in which variation can occur within a species population. (b) explain which mechanism or mechanisms would be responsible for the survival of a population of peppered moths better than white moths in an environment affected by industrial soot. justify your answer.

Which of these parts of the membrane large moecules pass through it ?

Which type of neuron stimulates muscles to contract?