A group of birds fly off the mainland and end up on a distant set of islands. Once there, they find a large number of opportunities for diversification and adaptation. This situation is best described as :

Dispersion?

Explanation: It has to do with how ecologists look at populations and how they spread. It's commonly looked at alongside Density, Growth, and Carrying Capacity. Not a very detailed answer, but I hope that helps?

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.