Many fishes that inhabit the sub-freezing Arctic and Antarctic waters posses antifreeze proteins; we now know that there are at least five different kinds of antifreeze protein genes that have evolved independently in different species to perform the same function. This is an example of:

convergent evolution

Explanation:

This is an example of the term known as convergent evolution. This term refers to the process in which organisms that are not related to one another are still able to independently evolve similar traits. This is all due to both of the species having to adapt to very similar environments thus needing to develop these certain traits in order to survive and pass them on to the next generation in that species line.

plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area to speed up osmosis. the absorbed water is transported through the roots to the rest of the plant where it is used for different purposes: it transports dissolved minerals around the plant.