What is the purpose of the G1 and G2 phases?

Can someone me with this and tell me what’s fracking and what does it have to do with carbon, carbon dioxide, or fossil fuels?

The double bond between a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms (a molecule of carbon dioxide) has two characteristics. what are they? a.an ionic bond is formed between the oxygen and carbon atoms. b.four valence electrons are shared. c.two valence electrons are shared. d.valence electrons are shared between oxygen atoms.

When ash and dust begin to settle on the ground, they eventually become compacted by