The European Starling is an invasive species of songbird found here in the United States. The growing population of starlings has caused displacement of Eastern Bluebird from their normal nesting sites. This is an example of interspecific competition.
intraspecific competition.
resource partitioning.
commensalism.

Explanation:

European starlings are agricultural pests. They damage crops and berries. European starlings also aggressively compete with native birds for the insects they eat. ... Large numbers of European starlings can cause dangerous and expensive damage to jet engines when they get sucked in.

i think the answer would d

the missing space is phylum