Many essential nutrients are transported into plant cells through cotransport with H­+, which flows back into the cytoplasm. Proton pumps in the cell membrane of plant cells actively pump H+ into the extracellular space using energy from ATP hydrolysis. If a toxin that inhibits the plant proton pump is applied, which of the following would be true?

The sodium-potassium pump would cease to operate.
There would be more potential energy outside the cell than inside.
The electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane would be depolarized.
The cotransport of solutes against their concentration gradients would be enhanced.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.

it is a limiting nutrient limited by a single nutrient in the ecosystem, & the single goes very slow.