What is the first step in primary succession

How does land development destroy ecosystems? it increases human carrying capacity too rapidly. it converts them into residential or agricultural areas. it forces humans to import non-native plants and animals. it expands the natural range of native wildlife species.

Which mantle is under the crust the upper mantle or the lower mantle i think it's upper let me know if i'm right

If your blood becomes too concentrated with iona, what will happen to the red blood cells