Describe the structure of a DNA molecule. What molecules form the “backbone’? What molecules form the ‘steps’?

What molecules form the "backbone'?. A sugar-phosphate backbone (alternating grey-dark grey) joins together nucleotides in a DNA sequence. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.

What molecules form the ‘steps’?. The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are Sugars and phosphates. The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the “ladder'” are known as Nitrogen bases.

step 1 ammonium can be absorbed by plants, but some is converted into nitrates which are better for plants to absorb. this is called nitrification. 2. step 2 the deer eats the plants and uses the nitrogen-containing proteins for cell growth. 3. step 3 bacteria in the soil conduct nitrogen fixation to convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonium. 4. step 4 some of the nitrates are absorbed back into plants, but denitrification breaks down the nitrates into nitrogen gas released back into the atmosphere. 5. step 5 nitrogen is found in the urine, which gets broken down into ammonium through the process of ammonification. 6. step 6 plants absorb the ammonium and begin assimilation, the process to add the nitrogen to protein.

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