Which phrase best describes the independent variable in an experiment?

In a scientific experiment, the dependent variable is the variable that is being tested and then measured. The answer referenced in D, the variable that is manipulated, is referring to the independent variable.

Explanation:

the binding of the substrate is dictated by the shape of each molecule. side chains on the enzyme interact with the substrate in a specific way, resulting in the making and breaking of bonds.

rising temperatures because when water vapor in the air is cooled, it condenses. it turns back into a liquid and attaches to dust particles in the air. these very small water droplets group together to form clouds