The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation?
a. chloroplasts do not reproduce.
b. chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell.
c. chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells.
d. chloroplasts have their own dna.

The right answer is D.Chloroplasts have their own DNA.

The endosymbiotic theory, or the hypothesis of endosymbiosis, is the hypothesis that the chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells arise from the incorporation (endocytosis) by some archaea of bacteria with which they have maintained an endosymbiotic relationship.

The resemblance between a current eukaryotic cell chloroplast and a photosynthetic bacterium (Cyanobacterium) is supported by several characters:

* the chloroplast DNA is circular and not associated with histones as in bacteria,

this DNA codes for a part of the chloroplastic proteins (semi-autonomous organelles),

part of the synthesis of chloroplast proteins is carried out in the chloroplast, thanks to the presence of ribosomes which have analogies with bacterial ribosomes,

* any plastid comes from a pre-existing plastid. When cells do not have a plastid (some white cells of variegated leaves), the daughter cells do not have a plastid,

* the division of chloroplasts follows a rhythm independent of the division of the nucleus,

* In higher plants, the two membranes of the chloroplast envelope are different: the inner membrane and thylakoid membranes have similarities (lipid composition) with the bacterial membranes.

All these observations today represent strong arguments of the endosymbiotic theory. Endosymbiosis could occur at different times and in different ways, by absorption by a primitive cell (Prokaryote or Eukaryote) from another cell (Prokaryote or Eukaryote). This is called primary or secondary endosymbiosis.

Chloroplasts comprise of their own DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid supports the endosymbiotic theory.  

Further Explanation:

The endosymbiotic theory was first discovered by Lynn Margulis. This theory is also called symbiogenesis which refers to the evolutionary theory of the eukaryotic cells origin from the prokaryotic organisms. This theory states that the organelles differentiating the eukaryote cells are evolved via the symbiosis of the single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea). It reveals that the mitochondria, chloroplasts and other organelles of the eukaryotic cells represent early free-living prokaryotes taken one within the other in endosymbiosis. This theory supports the evidence that new mitochondria and chloroplasts consists of single circular DNA molecules their own and are formed only via binary fission.  

Chloroplasts refer to the organelles which conduct the process of photosynthesis, wherein, the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll absorbs the energy from the sunlight, converts it and stores it ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules form and NADPH. Chloroplasts comprises the DNA of their own which is known as the plastome when indicating to the genomes of other plastids. The chloroplast genome is known circular DNA comprises of some number of genes that are required for the functioning of the chloroplasts as well as maintaining their structure.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about  cell

2. Learn more about  photosynthesis

3. Learn more about  ATP

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Evolutionary biology

Keywords:

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, DNA, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, endosymbiotic theory, ATP, NADPH, plastome.

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