The total volume of plant cells is often significantly greater than the total volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that A) animal cells are spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated.
B) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells.
C) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.
D) plant cells contain a large vacuole that occupies much of the volume of the cell.

D

Explanation:

In plant cells, the vacuoles are much larger than in animal cells. When a plant cell has stopped growing, there is usually one very large vacuole. Sometimes that vacuole can take up more than half of the cell's volume. The vacuole holds large amounts of water or food.

affects the water bodies: excessive use of fertilizers causes eutrophication. the fertilizers which are used on plants affect the quality of land on which it is used, further causing erosion of soil. the fertilizers used on plants contain harmful chemical fumes which affect the environment.