The atria are the “upper”chambers of the human heart. What are “lower” chambers of the human heart called?

Students in biology are studying the macromolecules of life. they used a calorimeter to determine the calories in various types of food. once the lab was completed, the students ate the left over food samples. monica commented that in just 6 or 7 "chews" of the saltine, it was gone; nothing but a sticky paste in her mouth. elaborate on what happened chemically while chewing the saltine. include the macromolecules present.

Jason adds the antibiotic penicillin to a bacterial culture. the bacteria develop genetic modifications in their genome, which gives them resistance to the antibiotic penicillin. what caused this genetic modification?

2polnis which of the following is an advantage of an in vitro experiment?me