According to some critics of evolution, natural selection can produce changes in a population, but it cannot cause substantial changes leading to?

Why do oceanic plates tend to subduction when colliding with a continental plate

Is there any species that went extinct in recent years due to natural causes (not caused by human interaction). if so, what caused it?

Membrane vesicles containing an internal sodium chloride (nacl) concentration of 0.14 m are placed into separate beakers each containing a different solution. the first beaker contains 0.14 m sucrose, while the second beaker contains 0.14 m calcium chloride (cacl2). the temperature is 25°c. what is the solute potential inside the vesicles, expressed in units of mpa?