An atom that has four protons, four neutrons, and five electrons is an isotope
a negative ion
a neutral atom
a positive ion

an active site is a region that is present on an enzyme where the reactants or the substrate molecules we can say bind and experience a chemical reaction. the substrate is basically a reactant whose concentration is changing and that is converting into a product after binding at the active site of an enzyme

it cools slower in the earth meaning the crystals have more time to form than lava on the surface