In Holstein cattle the spotting of the coat is due to a recessive gene, while a solid-colored coat is dominant. Two heterozygous solid animals are crossed. What would be the expected genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?

In Holstein cattle when two heterozygous animals are crossed for the characteristic coat color, the offspring will be individuals with solid coat and spotted coat in a 3:1 ratio.

Explanation:

Since in Holstein cattle the solid color coat is dominant (S), and the spotted coat is recessive (s), each heterozygous individual has the genotype Ss.

The result of crossing two individuals of Holstein cattle heterozygous can be seen in Punnet's Square:

Ss X Ss

Alleles  S     s

S          SS   Ss

s           Ss   ss

Genotypes

Ratio of genotypes SS:Ss:ss is 3:1:1

Phenotypes

Ratio solid color:spotted color 3:1

explanation:

the universal gravitation equation. since the gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of both interacting objects, more massive objects will attract each other with a greater gravitational force. if the mass of one of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is doubled.