Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. Why is this important in the process of photosynthesis? Support your answer with facts.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants synthesize their food from carbon dioxide and water by using the green pigment chlorophyll generating oxygen as product.

Chlorophyll "a " absorbs light from the orange-red and violet-blue areas of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Also Chlorophyll a transfers energy to the reaction center and donates two excited electrons to the electron transport chain

Its main role is as a primary electron donor in the electron transport chain. So the energy from the sun will ultimately become chemical energy that can be used by the plant for cellular processes.

Chlorophyll "b" absorbs blue light. The main role is to expand the absorption spectrum of organisms.

Plant can absorb more energy from the high frequency blue light part of the spectrum. Its presence in cells helps plant convert a wider range of the energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Carotenoids are usually red, orange, or yellow pigments, and include the  compound carotene. These compounds are composed of two small six-carbon rings that are connected by a "chain" of carbon atoms. As a result, they do not dissolve in water, and must be attached to membranes within the cell. Carotenoids cannot transfer sunlight energy directly to the photosynthetic pathway, but must pass their absorbed energy to chlorophyll. For this reason, they are called accessory pigments.

The presence of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in chloroplasts allow plants to absorb more energy from sunlight by absorbing multiple wavelengths. Chlorophyll a absorbs blue-violet light and red light. Chlorophyll b absorbs mostly blue light. Carotenoids absorb violet, blue, and blue-green light. The pigments together, therefore, are able to absorb a wider range of wavelengths.

Explanation:

^edge sample answer

from almost the creation of the first true maps of the earth, people started seeing how continents would be able to fit together.   in particular, people noticed that south america fits almost exactly into africa.

you should be aware that while world maps were around early in the 1600’s and better defined by the end of the 1700’s, those maps were not ‘public’ but were treated as state secrets.   and so it was not till much later that the broader ‘science’ community had access to good quality and accurate world maps.

get the whole story here…

it is now known that most of the major continental masses can be fit together in a jigsaw process.   in fact we now know that the continents were indeed once all joined together as one land mass – the supercontinent of pangaea.

if you look at most world maps you will ponder how this is evidence, as the continents really don’t appear to ‘fit’ together very well.   what you need to understand is that the vast majority of maps are drawn using a map projection that has the north and south poles (which are points) are a line the width of the map at the top and bottom.   this means that the map distorts the true shape of the earth’s land and oceans as you love closer to the poles.     some other map projections distort less, but have the map shape looking like segments of an orange.   see here for a range of map projections.   check out the way greenland changes size in each!

what is more remarkable, is the next piece of evidence when added to the shape of continents.

location of mountains and fossils

what is remarkable, when you reassemble all the continents together, the ancient mountain ranges (many now eroded to their cores) and the location of rock types and fossils all match up.

the answer would be 3