Compare and contrast the ways of obtaining food used by gastropods and bivalves. Sample Gastropods use radula, a flexible ribbon of teeth, to obtain their food. Bivalves to not have radula. Instead, they obtain their food by filter feeding. They pass water over their gills. Thick, sticky mucus traps tiny particles of food. Then, cilia on the gills bring the food particles to the bivalve’s mouth.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

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explanation:

energy and particles

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