A cell cannot make ATP directly from glucose, which explains why it bothers to go through the complex Kreb’s cycle. How does the Kreb’s cycle get the cell closer to its goal of making ATP from the original glucose?

The phylogenetic tree illustrates the relationship between humans and our closest living relatives. the tree was based on biochemical comparisons, including dna and amino acid sequences. according to the biomolecular data, we could infer that

Amniocentesis is a process in which amniotic fluid is taken from the mother's womb to identify any genetic abnormalities in the fetus. how would the discovery of the human genome contribute to this process?

How do all types of diffusion/passive transport actually ‘work’ without using even the smallest amount of cellular energy?