Raj made the timeline below to show the progression of thinkers who developed theories about Earth's place in the universe. ? À Copernicus à Galileo à Newton Which thinker belongs at the beginning of Raj's timeline? Aristotle Kepler Ptolemy Thales

Ptolemy

Explanation:

Ptolemy is the earliest earliest astronomer and mathematician in the list who lived and worked in the second century AD. Nothing is known about his personal life but his scientific work is well known.

He made his observations using naked eyes. In his opinion, the Universe is ''a set of nested, transparent spheres, with Earth in the center.''(Khan Academy). His argument was that the Moon, Mercury, Venus, and the Sun were all revolving around around Earth.

Although Ptolemy made significant contributions in Astronomy but he was wrong in positing that the earth did not move at all. This is inconsistent with our present day knowledge about the celestial bodies. Also, his work missed out other planets that were yet to be discovered then such as Uranus, Neptune, Pluto etc.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.